Antitumor Mechanisms of Molecules Secreted by <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in Colon and Breast Cancer: A Review

Author(s):

Soheil Sadr, Shakila Ghiassi, Narges Lotfalizadeh, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, Ashkan Hajjafari and Hassan Borji*   Pages 1710 - 1721 ( 12 )

Abstract:

</p>Background: Molecules secreted by <i>Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)</i> have beneficial effects on the immune system and can fight against cancer by inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, preventing angiogenesis, and promoting immune activation. </p><p> Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of molecules secreted by <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> on the growth of colon and breast cancer cells, to understand the underlying mechanisms of action. </p><p> Results: Calreticulin from <i>T. cruzi,</i> a 45 kDa protein, participates in essential changes in the tumor microenvironment by triggering an adaptive immune response, exerting an antiangiogenic effect, and inhibiting cell growth. On the other hand, a 21 kDa protein (P21) secreted at all stages of the parasite's life cycle can inhibit cell invasion and migration. Mucins, such as Tn, sialyl-Tn, and TF, are present both in tumor cells and on the surface of <i>T. cruzi</i> and are characterized as common antigenic determinants, inducing a cross-immune response. In addition, molecules secreted by the parasite are used recombinantly in immunotherapy against cancer for their ability to generate a reliable and long-lasting immune response. </p><p> Conclusion: By elucidating the antitumor mechanisms of the molecules secreted by <i>T. cruzi</i>, this study provides valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat colon and breast cancer.</p>

Keywords:

Cancer, parasite, <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, calreticulin, vaccination, immunotherapy.

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