Promising Strategies for Overcoming BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Based on Known Resistance Mechanisms

Author(s):

Qing-Shan Li, Bang-Nian Shen, Hua-Jian Xu and Ban-Feng Ruan*   Pages 1415 - 1430 ( 16 )

Abstract:

Background: Almost 50% of metastatic melanomas harbor BRAF mutations. Since 2011, BRAF inhibitors have exhibited striking clinical benefits in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. Unfortunately, their therapeutic effects are often temporary. The resistance mechanisms vary and can be broadly classified as MAPK reactivation-dependent and -independent. Elucidation of these resistance mechanisms provides new insights into strategies for overcoming resistance. Indeed, several alternative treatment strategies, including changes in the mode of administration, combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and immunotherapy have been verified as beneficial to BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma patients. <p></p> Prospect: In this review, we discuss promising strategies for overcoming drug resistance and highlighting the prospects for discovering strategies to counteract BRAF inhibitor resistance.

Keywords:

Melanoma, BRAF, MAPK, inhibitors, mechanisms of resistance, immunotherapy.

Affiliation:

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601

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