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Heterotrimeric G Protein α-Subunits - Structures, Peptide-Derived Inhibitors, and Mechanisms

[ Vol. 29 , Issue. 42 ]

Author(s):

Jan H. Voss and Christa E. Müller*   Pages 6359 - 6378 ( 20 )

Abstract:


G protein-coupled receptors are the largest protein family in the human body and represent the most important class of drug targets. They receive extracellular signals and transduce them into the cytosol. The guanine nucleotide-binding G&#945; proteins represent the main relays by which GPCRs induce intracellular effects. More than 800 different GPCRs interact with 16 G&#945; proteins belonging to 4 families, G&#945;<sub>i</sub>, Gα<sub>s</sub>, G&#945;<sub>q</sub>, and Gα<sub>12/13</sub>. The direct inhibition of Gα protein subunits rather than the modulation of GPCR subtypes has been proposed as a novel strategy for the treatment of complex diseases, including inflammation and cancer. This mini-review presents an introduction to G protein structure and function and describes achievements in the development of peptidic and peptide-derived G&#945; protein inhibitors. They have become indispensable pharmacological tools, and some of them exhibit significant potential as future drugs.

Keywords:

Cyclo(depsi)peptide, FR900359, heterotrimeric G protein, G&#945; protein, G protein-coupled receptor, peptide, YM-254890, inhibitor.

Affiliation:



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